<?php

echo "Hello, world!" . PHP_EOL;

Run the script:

php main.php

This writes one line from a PHP script. PHP_EOL keeps the newline portable across environments.

Variables start with $. Use strict comparisons when the type matters.

$name = "Dan";
$count = 1;
$active = true;

if ($count === 1) {
    echo $name;
}

This shows normal PHP variables and a strict comparison, which is the safer choice when type differences matter.

PHP arrays can be lists or key-value maps.

$names = ["Ana", "Dan", "Mara"];
$user = [
    "id" => 1,
    "email" => "[email protected]",
    "active" => true,
];

echo $names[0];
echo $user["email"];

PHP arrays can work like lists or maps, so the same structure covers both simple sequences and keyed data.

if ($user["active"]) {
    echo "active";
} elseif ($user["id"] === null) {
    echo "missing";
} else {
    echo "inactive";
}

This is the normal if / elseif / else flow for branching based on the current data.

Use foreach for arrays. It works with both lists and associative arrays.

foreach ($names as $name) {
    echo $name . PHP_EOL;
}

foreach ($user as $key => $value) {
    echo $key . ": " . var_export($value, true) . PHP_EOL;
}

These examples show foreach, which is the most practical way to iterate PHP arrays.

Type parameters and return values where practical.

function greet(string $name): string
{
    return "Hello, {$name}!";
}

echo greet("world");

This defines a typed function with a string input and string output, which makes intent clearer and catches mistakes earlier.

Constructor property promotion keeps simple data objects compact.

class User
{
    public function __construct(
        public int $id,
        public string $email,
        public bool $active = true,
    ) {
    }
}

$user = new User(1, "[email protected]");

if ($user->active) {
    echo $user->email;
}

This shows a compact data-focused class. Constructor property promotion keeps the class short when it mostly stores values.